2012年高考英语阅读翻译（2012年英语高考试卷答案）

Ideasaboutpolitebehavioraredifferentfromoneculturetoanother.Somesocieties,suchasAmericaandAustralia,forexample,aremobileandveryopen.Peopleherechangejobsandmovehousequiteoften.Asaresult,theyhavealotofrelationshipsthatoftenlastonlyashorttime,andtheyneedtogettoknowpeoplequickly.Soit’snormaltohavefriendlyconversationswithpeoplethattheyhavejustmet,andyoucantalkaboutthingsthatothercultureswouldregardaspersonal.

Ontheotherhandtherearemorecrowdedandlessmobilesocietieswherelong–termrelationshipsaremoreimportant.AMalaysianorMexicanbusinessperson,forexample,willwanttogettoknowyouverywellbeforeheorshefeelshappytostartbusiness.Butwhenyoudogettoknoweachother,therelationshipbecomesmuchdeeperthanitwouldinamobilesociety.

ToAmericans,bothEuropeansandAsiansseemcoolandformalatfirst.Ontheotherhand,asapassengerfromalessmobilesocietyputsit,it’snofunspendingseveralhoursnexttoastrangerwhowantstotellyouallabouthisorherlifeandasksyouallsortsofquestionsthatyoudon’twanttoanswer.

Cross-culturaldifferencesaren’tjustaproblemfortravelers,butalsofortheflightsthatcarrythem.Allflightswanttoprovidethebestservice,butideasaboutgoodservicearedifferentfromplacetoplace.Thiscanbeseenmostclearlyinthewaythatproblemsaredealtwith.

Somesocietieshave‘universalist’cultures.Thesesocietiesstronglyrespectrules,andtheytreateverypersonandsituationinbasicallythesameway.

‘Particularist’societies,ontheotherhand,alsohaverules,buttheyarelessimportantthanthesociety’sunwrittenideasaboutwhatisrightorwrongforaparticularsituationoraparticularperson.Sothenormalrulesarechangedtofittheneedsofthesituationortheimportanceoftheperson.

Thisdifferencecancauseproblems.Atravelerfromaparticularistsociety,India,ischeckinginforaflightinGermany,acountrywhichhasauniversalistculture.TheIndiantravelerhastwomuchluggage,butheexplainsthathehasbeenawayfromhomeforalongtimeandthesuitcasesarefullofpresentsforhisfamily.Heexpectsthatthecheck–inofficialwillunderstandhisproblemandwillchangetherulesforhim.Thecheck–inofficialexplainsthatifhewasallowedtohavetoomuchluggage,itwouldn’tbefairtotheotherpassengers.Butthetravelerthinksthisisunfair,becausetheotherpassengersdon’thavehisproblem.

1．OftenmovingfromoneplacetoanothermakespeoplelikeAmericansandAustralians.

A．liketravelingbetter

B．easytocommunicatewith

C．difficulttomakerealfriends

D．havealong–termrelationshipwiththeirneighbors

2．PeoplelikeMalaysiansprefertoassociatewiththose.

A．whowilltellthemeverythingoftheirown

B．whowanttodobusinesswiththem

C．theyknowquitewell

D．whoaregoodattalking

3．Apersonfromalessmobilesocietywillfeelitwhenastrangerkeepstalkingtohimorher,andaskinghimorherquestions.

A．boringB．friendlyC．normalD．rough

4．Whichofthefollowingistrueabout“particularistsocieties”?

A．Thereisnoruleforpeopletoobey.

B．Peopleobeythesociety’srulescompletely.

C．Nooneobeysthesociety’srulesthoughtheyhave.

D．Thesociety’srulescanbechangedwithdifferentpersonsorsituations.

5．ThewriterofthepassagethinksthattheIndianandtheGermanhavedifferentideasaboutrulesbecauseofdifferent.

A．interestsB．habitsandcustoms

C．culturesD．waysoflife

参考答案：

1．B2．C3．A4．D5．C

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