2012年高考英语语法填空(高考语法专题一名词)
1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题
名词的数:单数、复数和不可数;
名词的格:通格和属格?(’s)
名词的限定:特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法,即名词前加冠词或
其它限定词,例如:some,many,this,my等
2、名词的数和单位词
1)复型名词+复数动词
Thetrousersaretoobigforme.Pleaseshow?methesmallerpair.
备用词:shoes,stockings,?glasses,?socks
NOTICE:??Apairofglasses?costs?quitealot.
2)复型名词+单数动词
A.ThenewsonTV?is?seldomsatisfying.
备用词:mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,theUnitedStates
B.Twentymiles?is?alongwaytowalk.
备用词:fivepounds,twofeet,sixweeks
3)集合名词+复数名词
????Thepolice?have?surroundedthebuilding.
????Cattle?are?sellingforrecordprice(创记录).
备用词:theenemy,?(the)people
NOTICE:??表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用,
但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:
Myfamily?are?wonderful.Theydoalltheycanforme.
Thefamily?whichnow?consists?offourmembersatmost?is?smaller?thanitusedtobe.
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况??????
a(an)?+?adj.?+n.
Itlookslikerain.???????athirstyforknowledge(求知欲)??????
aheavyrain???????????Hehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.
备用词:snow,breakfast,wine,oil,education
B.口语特例(特定场合)
A(One)beer,please.
Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
Ibrokeaglassthismorning.?(杯子)
Glassismadefromsand.??(玻璃)
备用词:paper/apaper,?light(光)/alight(灯);
ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)
6)单位词
A.个数
apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)
B.以形状表示个数
agrainofrice,?aflightofstairs
C.容量
aboxofmatches,acupoftea
D.计量
ametreofcloth,?atonofcoal
E.其它
a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)
3、名词的格:
1)’s的用法
A.与时间有关的名词
anight’ssleep??????????????tenminutes’walk
NOTICE:???a?two-hour?walk?=?twohours’walk
B.和else连用
bookcanthisbe?
A.Who?else’s
B.Whoseelse
C.Who’selse
D.Whoseelse’s
(A)
C.‘s修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略
ThisisJack’sbook,not?Tom’s.??
ThisbookisJack’snotTom’s.
D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,‘s后面的名词省略
attheGreen’s?(house),?????atthedoctor’s?(office)?
2)OF结构表示所有关系
A.无生命的名词用of
thepriceofthesuccess
B.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?
3)双重所有格
‘s与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等
MissSmithisafriendofMary’smother’s.
thatbrotherofthegirl
4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)
A.单数名词+名词ashoe(flower)shop???ticket?office
NOTICE:thetailor’s?(shop)
B.复数名词+名词
sportsmeet?????clothesshop???womenpilots
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